Improved apparatus for punching saw-teeth



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JAMIS w E. EMERsoN, OF TRENTON, NEW` JERS'EY, i Letters Patent No.71,473, dated November 26, 1867. l i

IMPROVBD ArrARATUs ron PUNGHING sAw-TBETH;

ro ALL wHoM IT MAY coNoERNz w Be it known thatl, JMES E. EMERSON, ofTrenton, in the county of Mercer, and Statezof New Jersey, have inventedcertain new and useful Improvements in Adjustable Punches` andDies forPunchiug Saws, and that the following is a full, clear, and exactdescription of the construction and operation fof the' same, referencebeing hadto the aocompanying drawings, making a part of thisspecfication, in which- Figure 1 represents a sideview of one of thepunches, and 1 Figure 2 represents a side view of one of the dies iFigure 3 represents o. topplan of the die shown in fig. 2, and

'Figure 4 represents a face vie 'wof one of the punches and the groovedplate that holds it, (an end view of which is seen in fig. 1,) removedfromV the punch-stock.

Figures 5 and 6 represent respectively an end and side view of anotherform of construction of punches, and

Figure 7 represents a section through a die formed for the punches,figs. 5 andl 6, to work in.

Figure represents a gauge by which the punches and dies may be set forstraight or curved work either.

Figures 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, and 14 represent various shapes, forms, andinclinations of the tecth, and the holes or apertures at or in the lineof the roots of the teeth, and which may be punched by my system ofpunches and dies.

Similar letters of reference, where they occur in' the separate figures,denote corresponding parts in all the drawings. 1 i

My invention relates to ,a mode of constructing, arranging, adjusting,and holding punohes and dies in their stocks, for the purpose ofpunching saws, as will he hereinafter (lescribed; and my inventonconsists in combinations of devices for the purposes set forth, as willbe'hereefter more fully set forth and cloimeil.`` M

To enable others skilled in the art to make and use my invcntion, I willproceed to deseribe the same with reference to the drawings. i i t a Thepunch-stock A, fig. 1, is made of metal, with flanges or projections, B,at its ends, between which there is a recess, for placing the punches,and in one of theflanges, jaws, or projections, are one or 'moreset-screws, O, for holding the punches and their plates firmly inposition, after'they have been properly set in the recess.

There is also a shank, D, on the punch-stock, by which it is set andheld in the punching-machine.

The punch a, which cuts o ut the throat, or space between the saw-teeth,may be permanently attached `to its plate, b, and be of such shape orform, and size, as it is desirablc to make the throats or gullets inthcsaw.

The punches c c c, dze., which are designed for cutting out a series ofholes behind or above the throats or gullets of the saw, are madeseparate, and removable from their plates, d d d, 8m., so that, whenworn out or broken,

others may be inserted in the` same plates. The plate b of the punch ahas a tongue formed upon that side of 1 itwhich comes next to the otherplates, d, as seen in fig; 1, and the plates oZ have a' groove formed inone' of their sides, and a tongue in or on its opposite side, so thatwhen these plates and their pun'ches are'properly set in thepunch-stock, and the set-screw or screws run up, they will bc firmly andrigidly held in.place by means of their tongues and grooves, or othersimilar interlocking` devices. i The punches o I make out of sections ofround, square, or angular-steel wire, as follows: If the bottom of thethroat or gullet of the saw-teeth, and the holes behind or' above' them,are to be round, as seen in fig, 12, then round Wire, of the size of theholes to be punched, is used, 'the punches being cut off of such lengthsas will allow them to bc inclined from a horizontal plane, as seen infig. 1, so that, in punching, they will come into action'in their seriescapacity, and thus very much reduce the power requiredfto-,force themthrough the saw-plate, and also prevent the plate from being undulywarped or bent; and if ;it he'desired to-diminish the i sizes of theseholes as they recederfrom the throat or tooth-space, the sizesoftheround Wire inaybe correspondingly reduoed. If the holes are to behalf round, angular, diamond, or Oof any other regularlor irregular iforms, as seen in the-several drawings, then, with a fine saw, Sectionsare cut from round, square, or angular steel wire, of such cross-sectionas will cut holes of the shap'esrequired. The plates d, that are toreceive`these` punches c, besides being tongued on one side, and groovedon the other side, have a Vertical slot cut on one face, into which thepunches fit, as seen in fig. 4; and these slots may bc simple grooves ordove-tails, and the upper ends of the`punehes correspondingly forxned tofit into them. The face of the punch is flush with the' face of theplate, so that, when the series of' plates'and punches is set in thestock, one plate shall hold or bear against the punch of the nextadjacent plate, a'nd 'thus throughout the series. By this constructionof punches, one stock and one set of plates will serve for many sizes ofpunches, and will last for a very long period, whilst the punehes may berenewed, as worn out, at a very trifling expense.

In hand, saw-mill, cross-cut, or other similarly-shaped saws, the holespunched out behind or above the throats may be at right angles', orinclined, to the edge of the saw, as seen in figs. 9, 10, 11, 12, and14, but should be in the line of the wearing of the teeth of the saw,(which is always a defined line,) as they are designed to aid the userin gumming his saw, and serve as a gauge for so doing, besides theirother advantages of preventing the saw from lieating,.or of fractures atthe roots of the teeth, and admit of the use of one particula'rly-shapedfile being used.

In circular saws, as seen in fig, 13, the holes may be punched incurved'or in inclined straight lines, as the she-pe, of the tooth or thepurpose for which the saw is to bc used may require, but always indefined lines, whether curved or straight. But as circular saws, by use,and refiling, and regummin'g, are gradually and regularlyreduced indiameter, and as the diameter of a saw defines to a great extent thesize of the teeth and throats formed in it, the holes, whilst preservingthe general direction of the line of wear of the teeth, may graduallydiminish in size, but maintain their general outline form, so that, assuch saw wears away, it .may have its teeth graduallyv reduced in sizeby the simple act of gumming, sharpening, and setting, the holes beingthe guide for the operator, he only having to cut away the bars betweenthe holes.

The red and dotted lines in the figures, from 9 to 14 inclusive, showhow the shapesl of the teeth and thr'oats are preserved until the lasthole is reached, or the saw worn out.v

All these forms, shapes, sizes, and curved or inclined lines-of holescan be punched by my punches and dies, it being only necessary to use agauge, such as is shown at E, fig. 8,'or any other one,to set thepunches and dies by, after they have been loosened in their stoeks, byhacking the set-screws. The curved or straight side of the gauge isplaced against the punches, and they are all brought up against it, andthen the serews are run up tight. The dies are similarly. brought .up tothe same part of the gauge, and'they are then made fast, so that theteeth are formed and the holes cut to conform thereto at one operation,and this, too,l whether at right, angular, or curved lines, as maybe'desired. If punches and dies had to he specially made with theirstocks or holders for cutting each form of tooth, and particular formsor lines of holes for such teeth, itwould require innumerable punchesjand dies; but, bymy mode of making them, the same stocks and plates'maybe used for Varions-sized and shaped punches and dies, and in curvedor straight lines, as may be desiredJ-f f 'I The dies are thecounterpart or rever'se of thepunches. The die-stock F, fig.. 2,`issubstantially the-'same as that for the punches, with the exception ofthe shankl This die-stock bears the relation of an anvil to thepunch-stock, and remains stationary, and, for the purpose of beingreadily removed and replaced on its bed, may have dove-tailed ends, G,so as to slide and' fit into a dove-tailed groove or recess in the bed,The die e receives the punch a, and the diesreceive the punches c. Thesedies are formed in separate plates, g and h, so that they can beadjusted or changed to suit the punches in the punch-stock, or theShape, form, size, or direction of the holesLor of the VVsaw-teeth ortheir throats. V f i Figs. 5 and 6 represent an end and side view of apunch-stock and punches, in which H is the punch-stock, I the punch forcutting out the throats and forming the teeth of the saw, and J thepunches for punching the holes behind or above the roots of theteeth;and K, fig. 7, represents the die used with such a punch. L, figs. 5 and6, is a stripper for holding or preventing the saw-plate from risingwith or adhering to the punches. The punch and die, in this case, canonly be used for limited szes and forms of teeth, gullet's, and holes'.They can be removed, changed, or replaced, but each punch has itsseparate sct-screw to hold it, and when the punch is made up, it iseither straight, or may be made to hold the punches in a defined curvedline, but cannot be changed, as in the case of the construction shown infigs. 1, 2, and 3. The puncvhcs -in figs. 5 and G are inclined, and thetooth formed and holes punched at one operation, and, in thisparticular, are like those in figs. 1, 2, 3; but the die K, fig. 7, iscut out of a solid piece, and can only be used with a special puneh, ofwhich it is the counterpart or reverse. Gauges are used in connectionwith these punches and dies, for propcrly placing the plate, so that thethrcats of the teeth, as well as the holes, shall beunifornily spacedand punched.

Having thus fully described my invcntion, what I claim and desire tosecure by Letters Patent, is-- 1. The combination of a series of puncheswith a series of vdies, each in its own stock, when so made and arrangcdthat it will punch out the throat of a saw-teeth, and a hole, o'r aseries of holes, behind or above said throat, and in a linecorresponding to the wear of the saw-teeth, and at one operation,substantially as described.

2. I also claim the so arranging of the series of punches and the seriesof dics in their stocks as that they may beset to punch the throats ofsaw-teeth, and the series of holes behind or above them, in straight,inclned, or curvedlines, a's may he desircd, substantially as described.

3. I also claim making the punches of separate pieces of steel, andfitting them to reccsscs or grooves in their respective plates,substantially in the manner described, so that, whcn`set up in thestock, one plate shall hold the punch of the next adjacentplatc,'throughout,the series, substantially as dcscribed.

J. E. EMERSON.

Witnesses:

A. B. SroUc-nror, EDYD F. BROWN.

